WORKS CITED

A bibliography is a list of all the sources you quoted or paraphrased to prepare your paper. You should arrange the bibliography in alphabetical order by the author’s last name or, if there is no author, by the first main word of the title. You can ignore A, And, and The in a title.

There are several bibliographic styles, and your instructor may prefer a specific one. Be sure to find out what style you should use. Don’t mix styles, because you may confuse your reader. The examples in this bibliography are written in the Modern Language Association (MLA) style, which is commonly used in the arts and humanities. The rules for the MLA bibliography style are:

¨ Double-space all entries.

¨ Use hanging indent paragraph style (align the first line with the left margin, and indent all subsequent lines 5 spaces from the left margin).

¨ Type authors’ names with the last name first and separate the two names with a comma, unless there are two or more authors. For references with multiple authors, type the first author’s name with the last name first and the names of subsequent authors with first names first.

¨ Type the complete names of titles and begin every important word with a capital letter.

¨ Use italics or underlines for titles of books and periodicals.

¨ Enclose titles of periodical articles in quotation marks.

¨ Type publication information (place of publication, publisher’s name, year, and so on) after each title.

¨ Separate each portion of each bibliography entry with a period followed by two spaces.

Below are example entries for different kinds of material you might need to include in a bibliography. To create your bibliography, delete the guideline information in this paragraph and in the paragraphs above, and then replace the following reference examples with your own references using the format indicated in the examples.

A book with one author

Josephson, Matthew. (1959). Edison: a Biography. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company.

Include a phrase or two about the work. Begin each phrase with a capital and end with a period, even if it is not grammatically a complete sentence. Begin on the line following the bibliography entry.

A book with two or more authors

Cole, B. and Gealt, A. (1989). Art of the Western World: From Ancient Greece to Post-Modernism. New York: Summit Books.

Include a phrase or two about the work. Begin each phrase with a capital and end with a period, even if it is not grammatically a complete sentence. Begin on the line following the bibliography entry.

A book with an editor

Hersch, Jr., E.D. (Ed.) (1991). What Your First Grader Needs to Know: Fundamentals of a Good First-Grade Education. New York: Doubleday.

Include a phrase or two about the work. Begin each phrase with a capital and end with a period, even if it is not grammatically a complete sentence. Begin on the line following the bibliography entry.

A translation of a book

Rilke, R.M. (1939). Duino Elegies. (J.B. Leishman and S. Spender, trans.) New York: W.W. Norton.

Include a phrase or two about the work. Begin each phrase with a capital and end with a period, even if it is not grammatically a complete sentence. Begin on the line following the bibliography entry.

An anonymous book

The Chicago Manual of Style: Fourteenth Edition. (1993). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

Include a phrase or two about the work. Begin each phrase with a capital and end with a period, even if it is not grammatically a complete sentence. Begin on the line following the bibliography entry.

A later edition of a book

Scully, V. (1988). American Architecture and Urbanism (new revised edition). New York: Henry Holt and Company.

Include a phrase or two about the work. Begin each phrase with a capital and end with a period, even if it is not grammatically a complete sentence. Begin on the line following the bibliography entry.

A work in more than one volume

Magill, F.N., ed. (1961). Masterpieces of World Philosophy in Summary Form (Vols. 1-2). New York: Salem Press Incorporated.

Include a phrase or two about the work. Begin each phrase with a capital and end with a period, even if it is not grammatically a complete sentence. Begin on the line following the bibliography entry.

A signed article in a journal

McCartney, K. (1984). “The effect of a quality day care environment upon children’s language development.” Developmental Psychology, 20, 244-60.

Include a phrase or two about the work. Begin each phrase with a capital and end with a period, even if it is not grammatically a complete sentence. Begin on the line following the bibliography entry.

A signed article in a monthly magazine

Beardsley, T. (1994). “For Whom the Bell Curve Really Tolls.” Scientific American, January 1995, Volume 272, Number 1, 14-17.

Include a phrase or two about the work. Begin each phrase with a capital and end with a period, even if it is not grammatically a complete sentence. Begin on the line following the bibliography entry.

A signed article in a daily newspaper

Moore, M. (1994, December 27). “Speculation Irks Flores.” Journal American section D, p. 1.

Include a phrase or two about the work. Begin each phrase with a capital and end with a period, even if it is not grammatically a complete sentence. Begin on the line following the bibliography entry.

An unsigned article

“What Vietnam Did to Us.” (1981, December 14). Newsweek, 46-97.

Include a phrase or two about the work. Begin each phrase with a capital and end with a period, even if it is not grammatically a complete sentence. Begin on the line following the bibliography entry.

A film or videotape

Hand, D. (Supervising Director) and Disney, W. (Producer). (1937). Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. [Videotape]. Burbank, CA: The Walt Disney Company.

Include a phrase or two about the work. Begin each phrase with a capital and end with a period, even if it is not grammatically a complete sentence. Begin on the line following the bibliography entry.

Computer software

Microsoft Works for Windows 95 (1995). [Computer program]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation.

Include a phrase or two about the work. Begin each phrase with a capital and end with a period, even if it is not grammatically a complete sentence. Begin on the line following the bibliography entry.