9-12 Benchmark I-C—World: Analyze and interpret the major eras and important turning points in world history from the Age of Enlightenment to the present to develop an understanding of the complexity of the human experience.

 

Grade

Performance

Standards

9-12

1.  Describe and explain how the Renaissance and Reformation influenced education, art, religion, and government in Europe, to include:

·        development of Renaissance artistic and literary traditions (e.g., Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Shakespeare)

·        development of Protestantism (e.g., Martin Luther, John Calvin)

·        religious conflict and persecutions (e.g., Spanish Inquisition).

2.  Analyze and evaluate the actions of competing European nations for colonies around the world and the impact on indigenous populations.

3. Explain and analyze revolutions (e.g., democratic, scientific, technological, social) as they evolved throughout the Enlightenment and their enduring effects on political, economic, and cultural institutions, to include:

  • Copernican view of the universe and Newton’s natural laws
  • tension and cooperation between religion and new scientific discoveries
  • impact of Galileo’s ideas and the introduction of the scientific method as a means of understanding the universe
  • events and ideas that led to parliamentary government (English Civil War, Glorious Revolution)
  • Enlightenment philosophies used to support events leading to American and French Revolutions
  • Napoleonic Era (e.g., codification of law)

·        Latin America’s wars of independence.

4.  Analyze the pattern of historical change as evidenced by the Industrial Revolution, to include:

  • conditions that promoted industrialization
  • how scientific and technological innovations brought about change
  • impact of  population changes (e.g., population growth, rural-to-urban migrations, growth of industrial cities, emigration out of Europe)
  • evolution of work/business and the role of labor (e.g., the demise of slavery, division of labor, union movement, impact of immigration)
  • political and economic theories of capitalism and socialism (e.g., Adam Smith, Karl Marx)
  • status and roles of women and minorities.

5.  Analyze and evaluate the impact of 19th century imperialism from varied perspectives, to include:

  • clash of cultures
  • British Empire expands around the world
  • nationalism (e.g., competition and conflict between European nations for raw materials and markets, acquisition of colonies in Africa and Asia, impact on indigenous populations).

6.  Describe and analyze the geographic, political, economic, religious, and social structures of the civilizations of East Asia.

7.  Analyze and evaluate the causes, events, and effects of World War I, to include:

  • rise of nationalism (e.g., unification of Germany, Otto Von Bismarck’s leadership)
  • rise of ethnic and ideological conflicts (e.g., the Balkans, Austria-Hungary, decline of the Ottoman Empire) 
  • major turning points and the importance of geographic, military, and political factors in decisions and outcomes
  • human costs of the mechanization of war (e.g., machine-gun, airplane, poison gas, submarine, trench warfare, tanks)
  • effects of loss of human potential through devastation of populations and their successive generations
  • effects of the Russian Revolution and the implementation of communist rule.

8.  Analyze and evaluate the causes, events, and impacts of World War II from various perspectives, to include:

  • failures and successes of the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations
  • rise of totalitarianism (e.g., Nazi Germany’s policies of European domination, Holocaust)
  • political, diplomatic, and military leadership (e.g.,  Winston Churchill, Joseph Stalin, Franklin Roosevelt, Emperor Hirohito, Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Francisco Franco)
  • principal theaters of battle, major turning points, and geographic factors in military decisions and outcomes (e.g., Pearl Harbor, “island-hopping,” D-Day invasion, Stalingrad, atomic bombs dropped on Japan).

9.  Analyze and evaluate international developments following World War II, the Cold War, and post-Cold War, to include:

·        war crime trials

·        creation of the state of Israel and resulting conflicts in the Middle East

·        rebuilding of Western Europe (e.g., Marshall Plan, NATO)

·        Soviet control of Eastern Europe (e.g., Warsaw Pact, Hungarian Revolt)

·        creation and role of the United Nations

·        Mao Zedong and the Chinese Revolution (e.g., Long March, Taiwan, Cultural Revolution)

·        national security in the changing world order

·        technology’s role in ending the Cold War

·        fluidity of political alliances

·        new threats to peace

·        reasons for the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War

  • use of technology in the Information Age.

10.  Evaluate the ideologies and outcomes of independence movements in the emerging third world to include:

·        French Indochina and the Vietnam War (e.g., the role of Ho Chi Minh)

·        Mohandas Gandhi’s non-violence movement for India’s independence

·        apartheid in South Africa and evolution from white minority government (e.g., Nelson Mandela, Desmond Tutu)

·        Middle East conflicts (Israel, Palestine, Egypt).

11. Analyze historical and modern-day policies of the Western Hemisphere, with emphasis on Mexico and Canada, to include:

·        expansion of democracy in Western Hemisphere

·        immigration and migration issues

·        changes in foreign policy brings spiraling impact on each nation and international relations

·        trade.

12. Explain how world history presents a framework of knowledge and skills within which to understand the complexity of the human experience, to include:

·         analyze perspectives that have shaped the structures of historical knowledge

·         describe ways historians study the past

·         explain connections made between the past and the present and their impact.


 

 

9-12 Benchmark I-D—Skills: Use critical thinking skills to understand and communicate perspectives of individuals, groups, and societies from multiple contexts.  

 

Grade

Performance

Standards

9-12

1.  Understand how to use the skills of historical analysis to apply to current social, political, geographic, and economic issues.

2.  Apply chronological and spatial thinking to understand the importance of events.

3.  Describe primary and secondary sources and their uses in research.

4.  Explain how to use a variety of historical research methods and documents to interpret and understand social issues (e.g., the friction among societies, the diffusion of ideas).

5.  Distinguish “facts” from authors’ opinions and evaluate an author’s implicit and explicit philosophical assumptions, beliefs, or biases about the subject.

6.  Interpret events and issues based upon the historical, economic, political, social, and geographic context of the participants.

7.  Analyze the evolution of particular historical and contemporary perspectives.

8.  Explain how to use technological tools to research data, verify facts and information, and communicate findings.

9-12 Benchmark II-A: Analyze and evaluate the characteristics and purposes of geographic tools, knowledge, skills, and perspectives, and apply them to explain the past, present, and future in terms of patterns, events, and issues.

 

Grade

Performance

Standards

9-12

1.      Evaluate and select appropriate geographic representations to analyze and explain natural and man-made issues and problems.

2.      Understand the vocabulary and concepts of spatial interaction, including an analysis of population distributions and settlements patterns.

 

9-12 Benchmark II-B: Analyze natural and man-made characteristics of worldwide locales; describe regions, their interrelationships, and patterns of change. 

 

Grade

Performance

Standards

9-12

1.      Analyze the interrelationships among natural and human processes that shape the geographic connections and characteristics of regions, including connections among economic development, urbanization, population growth, and environmental change.

2.      Analyze how the character and meaning of a place is related to its economic, social, and cultural characteristics, and why diverse groups in society view places and regions differently.

3.      Analyze and evaluate changes in regions and recognize the patterns and causes of those changes (e.g., mining, tourism).

4.      Analyze and evaluate why places and regions are important to human identity (e.g., sacred tribal grounds, culturally unified neighborhoods).

 

 

9-12 Benchmark II-C: Analyze the impact of people, places, and natural environments upon the past and present in terms of our ability to plan for the future.

 

Grade

Performance

Standards

9-12

1.      Analyze the fundamental role that geography has played in human history (e.g., the Russian winter on the defeat of Napoleon’s army and the same effect in World War II).

2.      Compare and contrast how different viewpoints influence policy regarding the use and management of natural resources.

3.      Analyze the role that spatial relationships have played in effecting historic events.

4.      Analyze the use of and effectiveness of technology in the study of geography.

 

 

9-12 Benchmark II-D: Analyze how physical processes shape the Earth’s surface patterns and biosystems. 

 

Grade

Performance

Standards

9-12

1.      Analyze how the Earth’s physical processes are dynamic and interactive.

2.      Analyze the importance of ecosystems in understanding environments.

3.      Explain and analyze how water is a scare resource in New Mexico, both in quantity and quality.

4.      Explain the dynamics of the four basic components of the Earth’s physical systems (atmosphere, biosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere).

 

 

9-12 Benchmark II-E: Analyze and evaluate how economic, political, cultural, and social processes interact to shape patterns of human populations, and their interdependence, cooperation, and conflict. 

 

Grade

Performance

Standards

9-12

1.      Analyze the factors influencing economic activities (e.g., mining, ranching, agriculture, tribal gaming, tourism, high tech) that have resulted in New Mexico’s population growth.

2.      Analyze the effects of geographic factors on major events in United States and world history.

3.      Analyze the interrelationships among settlement, migration, population-distribution patterns, landforms, and climates in developing and developed countries.

4.      Analyze how cooperation and conflict are involved in shaping the distribution of political, social and economic factors in New Mexico, United States, and throughout the world (e.g., land grants, border issues, United States territories, Israel and the Middle East, the former Soviet Union, and Sub-Saharan Africa).

5.      Analyze how cultures shape characteristics of a region.

6.      Analyze how differing points of view and self-interest play a role in conflict over territory and resources (e.g., impact of culture, politics, strategic locations, resources).

7.      Evaluate the effects of technology on the developments, changes to, and interactions of cultures.