Name: 
 

2013 WH SPR FINAL



Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1 

Vasco da Gama’s discovery of a route to India by sea proved to be
A
very profitable, since da Gama returned with a cargo of spices and made a profit of several thousand percent.
B
far too costly to be sailed on a regular basis.
C
the only time any Portuguese vessel sailed the route.
D
much longer than the route to India by land.
 

 2 

What was the name of the set of principles that dominated economic thought in the seventeenth century?
A
commercial capitalism
C
speculation
B
consumerism
D
mercantilism
 

 3 

What is the correct list of social classes from colonial Latin America?
A
missionaries, viziers, mestizos, Native Americans
B
peninsulares, creoles, mestizos, mulattoes
C
Native Americans, mestizos, peninsulares, viceroys
D
kings, viceroys, Native Americans, missionaries
 

 4 

Sixteenth-century Spanish colonial holdings in America included all of the following EXCEPT
A
Cuba.
C
Brazil.
B
Peru.
D
Mexico.
 

 5 

The Treaty of Tordesillas, signed in 1494,
A
put an end to the war between Portugal and Spain.
B
established a line of demarcation between territories controlled by Portugal and those controlled by Spain.
C
ended the violence between Portuguese and Muslim traders.
D
made Portuguese the official language of the Americas.
 

 6 

According to mercantilists, the prosperity of a nation depended on
A
a large supply of bullion, or gold and silver.
B
an effective ruler.
C
conquering new territories and expanding the nation’s intellectual resources.
D
finding and maintaining a supply of cheap labor, preferably slaves.
 

 7 

What was the name for the journey of enslaved persons from Africa to America?
A
the Voyage of Sorrow
C
the Atlantic Journey
B
the Bering Crossing
D
the Middle Passage
 
 
nar001-1.jpg
 

 8 

mc008-1.jpg What nation sponsored the first successful circumnavigation of the globe?
A
Portugal
C
France
B
England
D
Spain
 

 9 

mc009-1.jpg How many years did it take Sir Francis Drake to circumnavigate the world?
A
13 years
C
3 years
B
10 years
D
5 years
 
 
The different ways in which the Spanish, French, and English explored and colonized the Americas reflect their differing perceptions of the regions. Spanish explorers were enticed to search for legendary cities such as El Dorado, where the streets were said to be paved with gold, and the Seven Cities of Cibola, which allegedly held enormous treasures . . . French explorers, however, looked at North America as a place where fortunes could be made from the fur trade. Settlements were temporary hunting communities, quite different from English farming colonies, where families have migrated to start a new life in a new land.
 

 10 

mc010-1.jpg What was the difference between French and English settlements?
A
French settlements were temporary.
B
French settlements consisted of large family groups.
C
French settlements supported explorers looking for treasures.
D
French settlements were always surrounded by farm land.
 

 11 

Philip II of Spain was known as the
A
“Huguenot King.”
C
“King of the Holy Roman Empire.”
B
“Most Catholic King.”
D
“Papal King.”
 

 12 

James I of England believed in the divine right of kings, which is
A
the belief that a king was granted the wisdom of God upon ascending to the throne, and therefore was faultless.
B
the concept that kings were equal to God, and therefore did not have to live by the laws of the Church.
C
the theory that kings alone could know the mind of God, and therefore could determine the future through divination.
D
the idea that kings receive their power from God and are responsible only to God.
 

 13 

The foundation for a constitutional monarchy in England was laid by the
A
Toleration Act of 1489.
C
English Civil War.
B
Bill of Rights.
D
Rump Parliament.
 

 14 

Absolutism is
A
the practice by monarchs of undergoing daily absolution to keep states free of the burden of sin.
B
the belief that all citizens within a state must conform to one religion.
C
an offshoot of Islam, in which it is believed that baptism absolves all past and future sins.
D
a system of government in which a ruler holds total power.
 

 15 

Louis XIV maintained complete authority as monarch by
A
executing the previous monarch’s entire family.
B
maintaining a network of spies to find conspirators against him.
C
distracting the nobles and royal princes with court life, to keep them out of politics.
D
bestowing lavish riches on any serf who supported his right to rule.
 

 16 

The Edict of Nantes recognized Catholicism as the official religion of France, and
A
gave the Huguenots the right to worship and to enjoy all political privileges.
B
was intended to bring about an end to the battles between the Catholics and the Spanish, but actually only served to inflame tensions.
C
declared all Huguenots to be enemies of the state.
D
was largely ignored by the Huguenots, and served only to appease the pope.
 
 
“The Queen has reigned already twenty-six years, and during her reign Parliament has never been held. This year she enters her fifty-third year, as it is said, and she has sent orders through the whole realm to convoke Parliament. The principal cause is, I am told, that the English do not wish the King of Scotland, who is the next to the throne, to be King of England, and wish to know who after the queen’s death is to wear the crown. I have forgotten the exact date, but I believe the opening of Parliament took place on November 25th.”

—Leopold von Wedel, 1584
 

 17 

mc017-1.jpg According to this passage, why did Queen Elizabeth order Parliament to meet?
A
to discuss the next heir to the throne
B
to discuss financial matters
C
to discuss plans for war
D
to discuss a recently passed law
 

 18 

mc018-1.jpg According to this passage, what had never happened during Queen Elizabeth’s twenty-six year reign?
A
The members of Parliament had never gathered.
B
England had never gone to war.
C
Laws had never been passed.
D
Treaties had never been signed.
 

 19 

The term ____  is another name for a republic.
A
nation
C
commonwealth
B
democracy
D
monarchy
 

 20 

In 1689, what laid the foundation for a limited, or constitutional, monarchy in England?
A
the Edict of Nantes
C
the Bill of Rights
B
the Toleration Act
D
the Stamp Act
 

 21 

John Locke’s ideas suggest that people were
A
born either good or evil.
B
inherently self-centered.
C
naturally inclined to be stupid.
D
molded by their experiences.
 

 22 

To Voltaire and many other philosophers, the universe was
A
a divine creation.
C
like a clock.
B
unknowable.
D
constructed like a flower.
 

 23 

In Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s concept of a social contract,
A
an entire society agrees to be governed by its general will.
B
punishments are not exercises in brutality, and capital punishment is discarded.
C
the government should not interfere in economic matters.
D
women should be granted rights nearly equal to those of men.
 

 24 

Montesquieu’s most lasting contribution to political thought was his
A
analysis of the governmental system of checks and balances.
B
identification of the natural laws that governed human society.
C
theory that the government should interfere with religious matters.
D
idea that punishments should be brutal to be effective.
 

 25 

Adam Smith believed in laissez-faire, by which he meant that
A
the assets of the rich should be taken.
B
the state should not regulate the economy.
C
those who are able to work should help to support those who cannot work.
D
the state should monitor the economy and impose regulations to keep it healthy.
 
 
“Let us then suppose the mind to be, as we say, white paper, void of all characters, without any ideas. How comes it to be furnished? Whence has it all the materials of reason and knowledge? To this I answer, in one word, from experience . . . . Our observation, employed either about external sensible objects or about the internal operations of our minds perceived and reflected on by ourselves, is that which supplies our understanding with all the materials of thinking.”

—John Locke, “Essay Concerning Human Understanding”
 

 26 

mc026-1.jpg According to the passage, how does the mind acquire knowledge?
A
other people
C
God
B
nature
D
experience
 
 
Ptolemaic Universe                                          Copernican Universe

nar005-1.jpg
 

 27 

mc027-1.jpg What is the most important difference between the Ptolemaic system and the Copernican system?
A
the position of fixed stars
B
the celestial body at the center of the universe
C
the position of the moon
D
the position of Jupiter
 

 28 

A systematic procedure for collecting and analyzing evidence is known as the _____ method.
A
inductive
C
rational
B
scientific
D
gravitational
 
 

nar006-1.jpg
 

 29 

mc029-1.jpg What was unique about the people of the Third Estate?
A
They were the minority.
C
They paid taxes.
B
They owned land.
D
They were very religious.
 

 30 

mc030-1.jpg What percentage of land was owned by the clergy?
A
65%
C
1.5%
B
25%
D
10%
 

 31 

mc031-1.jpg What percentage of the population was nobility?
A
65%
C
1.5%
B
98%
D
.5%
 
 
“. . . [Louis XVI] looked at the scaffold without flinching. The executioner at once proceeded to perform the customary rite by cutting off the King's hair, which he put in his pocket. Louis then walked up onto the scaffold. The air was filled with the roll of numerous drums ... with such force that Louis's voice was drowned and it was only possible to catch a few stray words like 'I forgive my enemies'...."

— From a letter by Philipe Pinel, physician
 

 32 

mc032-1.jpg French revolutionaries used the guillotine to execute King Louis XVI because they believed that it
A
was the execution method supported by the Third Estate.
B
gave victims a second chance.
C
killed humanely.
D
could be operated inexpensively.
 

 33 

The French National Assembly swore the Tennis Court Oath, which was
A
a promise to redistribute all the wealth in France.
B
a vow to continue to meet until they had produced a French constitution.
C
an oath of loyalty to Jean-Baptiste Colbert, an outspoken lawyer that called for doing away with the relics of feudalism.
D
a promise not to rest until all members of the clergy were tried and executed.
 

 34 

In his final battle, Napoleon was defeated by
A
the bitter Russian winter.
B
a combined French and Swiss army.
C
a combined British and Prussian army.
D
the superior British navy.
 

 35 

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen proclaimed
A
equal rights for all men, but no political rights for women.
B
an end to the monarchy and the abolishing of a National Assembly.
C
equal rights for all citizens, including equal political rights for women.
D
an end to the National police force.
 

 36 

The most important of the seven legal codes established by Napoleon was
A
the Religious Code.
C
the Merchant Code.
B
the Foreign Policy Code.
D
the Civil Code.
 

 37 

Promotion within Napoleon’s new bureaucracy was
A
based on location.
B
given to those Napoleon favored, but taken away as soon as they fell out of favor.
C
based on ability only, not rank or birth.
D
designed to benefit the nobility and keep the middle class from obtaining high-ranking positions.
 
 
Law is the expression of the general will; all citizens have the right to concur personally, or through their representatives, in its formation; it must be the same for all, whether it protects or punishes. All citizens, being equal before it, are equally admissible to all public offices, positions, and employments, according to their capacity, and without other distinction than that of virtues and talents.

—Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, French National Assembly, 1789
 

 38 

mc038-1.jpg How, according to the passage, is law an expression of the general will?
A
The king, as the people’s leader, defines the law.
B
The nobles ensure that the law meets the needs of all people.
C
Old laws are changed to meet new needs.
D
All citizens are able to influence the law’s creation.
 

 39 

mc039-1.jpg According to the passage, are all citizens given public office?
A
Yes; all citizens are equal and given public office.
B
No; only 50 percent of the citizenry are given public office.
C
No; all citizens are equal, but some with more talent and skill earn public office.
D
Yes, but only if they pay for access to the public office.
 

 40 

To ensure loyalty, who did Napoleon install on the thrones of the lands he conquered?
A
his relatives
B
Directory
C
consulate
D
Duke of Wellington
 

 41 

What were some of the most important causes of the French Revolution?
A
Protestant Reformation, storming of the Bastille, financial crisis
B
Enlightenment ideas, war with Russia, rise of Napoleon
C
Protestant Reformation, storming of the Bastille, Third Estate
D
Enlightenment ideas, rigid social structure, financial crisis
 

Completion
Complete each statement.
 

 42 

Napoleon’s downfall began in 1812 when he decided to invade _____________________.
 

 

 43 

Napoleon’s establishment of the _____________________ was a step backward for the rights of women and children.
 

 

 44 

________ is the sense of unique identity of a people based on common language, religion, and national symbols.
 

 

Essay
 

 45 

Describe the impact of the Peace of Westphalia on Germany and the Holy Roman Empire.
 

 46 

Describe how nationalism unified the people in countries that Napoleon invaded.
 



 
Check Your Work     Start Over